Support for Intel. How to Set Up RAID on Your PCConfiguring two or more hard drives in a RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) setup can increase performance and/or provide automatic protection against data loss from drive failure. RAID used to be expensive, hard to implement, and limited to businesses with dedicated IT departments. Now, motherboards in most desktop PCs support RAID, and Windows 7 provides software RAID that requires no special hardware at all. The technology is easily within the reach of the wallet and skills of any reasonably tech- savvy PC user. What type of RAID do I want? RAID comes in a number of flavors- -or levels- -that offer data protection, enhanced performance, or both. In addition to the seven core levels (RAID 0 through RAID 6), you'll encounter a number of variants and combinations. Some controllers (and dedicated external storage and NAS boxes) can layer and even abstract RAID levels, allowing you to mix and match different capacity drives and add capacity without any additional configuration. Here are a few of the RAID levels you'll find on affordable, consumer- level RAID adapters, motherboard chipsets, and Windows software RAID: JBOD (extend, spill over): JBOD, or Just a Bunch Of Disks simply allows you to extend a volume (drive letter, e. C: \) onto other disks. Data is written to the first disk until it's full, then to the second disk, then the third, etc. I installed the last official WHQL drivers from NVIDIA which are v15.27 for Vista, and proceeded to enable the RAID mode for SATA in the BIOS. Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn) is an operating system by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and. It offers no boost in performance or redundancy and is a holdover from the days when smaller disks had to be chained to handle large amounts of data. It's largely irrelevant given today's more capacious hard drives. RAID 0 (Striping): This setup increases hard- drive performance by splitting, or striping, data across two drives. By leveraging two data busses, data can be read and written more quickly. Unfortunately, RAID 0 provides no data protection- -in fact, it actually increases the chances of data loss since the failure of either drive in the array results in the loss of the data stored on both drives. RAID 0 setups are standard on high- end gaming PCs and graphic design workstations, and provide a measurable, albeit modest performance boost for hard- disk- intensive programs. RAID 1 (Mirroring): A RAID 1 setup protects data from drive failure by simultaneously writing the same data to two hard drives. Since each drive is an exact duplicate of the other, you can continue working if one fails. RAID 1 offers no gain in performance and effectively reduces available capacity by half - - two 2. TB drives provide only 2. TB of storage. RAID 5 (Distributed Parity): Though you get both faster disk performance and data protection from this setup, it requires a minimum of three hard drives.
Instead of using an entire hard drive as a backup, RAID 5 spreads redundancy information- -called parity bits- -across all of the array's drives. Where RAID 1 requires 5. RAID 5 requires only 3. When one of the drives in a RAID 5 array fails, the data content of that failed drive is reconstructed using the parity bits on the surviving drives and written to a new, replacement drive. The array is still usable in the meantime. RAID 1+0, 0+1, 1. Some adapters combine (referred to as nesting) RAID 0 and RAID 1 to provide both data redundancy and increased disk performance. This works by either striping data across a pair of drives then mirroring (0+1) them with another pair, or striping data across two mirrored pairs (1+0, aka 1. RAID 0+1, 1+0, and 1. What do I need to set up RAID? A Fresh Backup (existing data only): If you're installing and configuring hardware RAID on a fresh system with no OS (your best option), or are adding disks for a separate array, skip this. Otherwise, back up your important data. Best practice is to have three copies of your data: the original, a backup, and a backup of the backup, preferably offsite. If you have existing data that you want on the array, you'll need to back it up, then restore it from a backup you make before creating your array- -a process that writes new data to your hard drives regardless of what's there. This is not necessary with Windows software RAID 0, however, it's far faster than letting Windows re- sync (copy the data to) the mirror in the background. Transferring an existing operating system is tricky, and with older versions of Windows, sometimes impossible. What type depends on the flavor of Windows: Windows XP allows spanned volumes (one volume over two or more disks), aka JBOD. Windows Vista Ultimate allows JBOD and RAID 1 striping. Windows 7 Home allows JBOD and RAID 1 while Professional and Ultimate add RAID 0 mirroring. Windows 2. 00. 0 Professional also has JBOD, 0, and 1. Windows Server operating systems from 2. JBOD, 0, 1, plus support for RAID 5 distributed parity. Windows RAID offers several advantages. You can create arrays from within Window Drive manager so there's no BIOS to configure. It's also more flexible with mirrors, allowing you to create them from existing volumes containing data, as well as delete either half of a mirror with the other remaining intact. You can mirror individual partitions, including partitions from different drives onto a single drive. The disadvantages are that other operating systems, such as the Linux used on repair discs, can't see Windows software RAID partitions which use Microsoft's dynamic disk technology. Also, maintenance performed by Windows when it feels it's needed, which can occur any time there's a configuration change, hurts performance while in progress. Restoring mirrors isn't as dead simple as it is with a hardware solution either. Though you'll see a lot of talk about hardware RAID being faster, this discussion predates modern CPUs which can easily handle the overhead. Windows RAID is actually quite fast. RAID controller: If you don't use software RAID, there's hardware. You probably already have a RAID controller in your PC; many older midrange and high- end motherboards come with secondary RAID controller, and newer motherboard chipsets offer integrated RAID obviating the need for an additional controller. Check your PC or motherboard documentation to find out if your motherboard supports RAID (and if so, which levels), and for specific installation instructions. If your PC doesn't have integrated RAID, you may use an adapter card. Basic PCI and PCIe adapters supporting RAID levels 0, 1, 1. Adaptec, Promise and other vendors offer a wide selection of pricier, but more capable RAID adapters with onboard cache and advanced features. If possible, buy a card that supports greater- than- 2. TB disks and 6. Gbps SATA III. Two or more hard drives: If you decide on Windows software RAID, you may use any drives you choose. They need not be the same size if you're mirroring individual volumes, though it's generally a good idea. Back in the days of parallel ATA, it was a no- no to mix drives from different vendors on a RAID controller. Sometimes it would work- -more often it wouldn't. With the advent of SATA, mixing vendors is no longer as problematic. Also, though there are controllers that allow mixing and matching capacities without losing storage space (using advanced parity techniques), these are still relatively rare. Using drives of different sizes usually results in total storage capacity that's only a multiple of the smallest drive. For example, combining 5. GB and 3. 20. GB drives in RAID 1 would be 3. GB * 2, or 6. 40. GB instead of 8. 20. GB. In practice, you'll save yourself a lot of time and sidestep possible issues by building your array with identical hard drives- -meaning drives of the same make, model, and size. You need at least two drives for RAID 0 and 1, three drives for RAID 5, and four for RAID 0+1, 1+0, and 1. Floppy drive (Windows XP- only): If you plan to install Windows XP on your new array, you will need a floppy disk with your RAID adapter's Windows drivers, and a floppy drive to read it- -Windows' installation won't install the drivers from an optical drive. Thankfully, this incredibly annoying limitation of Windows XP doesn't apply in Windows Vista and Windows 7 which can read drivers from hard drives, flash drives, or optical media. Tools: You'll need a small, non- magnetic Phillips screwdriver to remove and replace the fastener screw that secures the adapter card to the PC chassis, as well as to install any new hard drives. You might also want a simple grounding strap that attaches to your wrist; look for one at your local computer store for less than $1. Alternatively, never touch exposed contacts or electronics.
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Registry Tricks and Tips. To Backup/Restore the Windows Registry: Windows 9x For XP 2. If you are in MSDOS, at the C: \Windows prompt type Attrib - s - r - h C: \Windows\System. Enter) Attrib - s - r - h C: \Windows\User. Enter) To make the backup copies type: copy C: \Windows\System. C: \Windows\System. Information about Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 and 8 including tweaks, slipstreaming, install, registry, and forum for all Windows versions.4 Tools to Decode and Convert Windows Registry Hex Values to Text 5 Ways To Backup and Restore the Windows Registry or Selected Hives 4 Ways to Edit URLs at Internet. Registry Editor, the user interface for the registry, in Windows 10. Details; Included with: all versions of Microsoft Windows: The Registry is a hierarchical. Enter) copy C: \Windows\User. C: \Windows\user. Enter) To Restore the Registrycopy C: \Windows\System. C: \Windows\System. Enter) copy C: \Windows\User. C: \Windows\user. Enter)You can add . I use three different text editors so I added it to the . Fix Most Windows Errors and Problems With Tweaking.Com Windows Repair 3.9.35 (Video) Random Photo: Try Amazon! Video: Using Tweaking.Com Windows Repair to Fix Windows. Tip: If you're attempting to edit the Registry from the command line because you're unable to get into normal Windows, try first booting into Windows Safe Mode and. Windows Backup Guide. Registry backup explained. Detailed information on how to back up system registry on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, Vista, and 7. The startup process of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and their successors differs from the startup process part of previous versions of Windows. What is Reg.exe? Reg.exe is a command-line utility that can be used to edit the Windows registry. Using REG you can perform almost all tasks that can be done using. Registry Tweaks to Customize User Account Control (UAC) Options in Windows Vista and Later. There is a tutorial on this site for tweaking and customizing UAC (User. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a new Key named . Set the (Default) to . Add a new Key named . Set the (Default) to . You must enter the . You can add your name or anything you like that consists of 8 characters or less. This will replace the AM or PM next to the system time. But you can corrupt some trial licenses of software that you may have downloaded. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add two new String values, . Right click the new value name and modify. Enter anything you like up to 8 characters. If you enter two different values when modifying, you can have the system tray display the two different values in the AM and PM. Want to keep people from accessing Windows, even as the default user? If you do not have a domain do not attempt this. Open Reg. Edit 2. Create a dword value . Set the value to 1 This forced logon can be bypassed in Safe Mode on Windows 9x. You can make Out. Look Express load quicker by disabling the splash screen: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a string value . Set the value data to 1 as a Dword value To make Windows use multiple Start Menu Columns instead of a single scrolling column, like Windows 9x had, Also if you are using Classic Mode in XP 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to the key HKEY. Create a string value . Right click the new string value and select modify 5. Set the value to . Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a string value for each Icon you wish to change. Here is a complete list for each value. Unknown file type 1= MSN file types 2= Applications Generic 3= Closed Folder 4= Open Folder 5= 5. You may need to delete the hidden file Shell. Icon. Cache if after rebooting the desired Icons are not displayed. You can change or delete the Windows mandatory locations of folder like My Documents: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Change the desired folder location, My Documents is normally list as . Open the Explorer and rename or create the folder you wish. To change the desired location of the Program Files folder 1. Change the value of . You can change the Registered Owner or Registered Organization to anything you want even after Windows is installed. Open Reg. Edit 2) Got to. HKEY. 3) Change the value of . To change the location of your mailbox for Exchange: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to the profile you want to change 4. Go to the value name that has the file location for your mailbox (*. PST) file 5. Make the change to file location or name To change the location of your mailbox for Outlook 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to the section . Make the change to file location You can Add and delete sounds events in the Control Panel. In order to do that: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. If this key does not exist you can create it and add events. You can add/delete any items you want to or delete the ones you no longer want. Here is how to add any application to the Context Menu when you right click on any Folder. This way you do not have to always go to the Start Menu. When you right click on any folder, you can have access to that application, the same as using Sent To. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a new Key to the . Give it a default value that will appear when you right click a folder, i. New. Key (use an . Click on the Key HKEY. Add a New Key named Command 7. Set the (Default) value of the application you want to run 8. For example: c: \program files\internet explorer\iexplore. Include the full path and parameters if you need them) When you want to right click on any folder and want to open up an Explorer window of that folder. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a new Key . Set the (Default) value to . Right Click the . Set the (Default) value of Explorer. If you need to change the drive and or path where Windows looks for its installation files: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to HKEY. 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go To For Windows 9x and ME - HKEY. Enter the Title of the window. What is displayed in the Title Bar. Create a new string value . Enter the text for your message box that will appear even before the Logon window. If you have a un- registered file type and want to view it instead of having to select Open With. Use Explorer's Right- click and add your program to the right- click options by: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Right click on . Create a New Key under the . Set the (Default) value to the path and filename of the program you want to use to open the file type 6. For example: C: \Windows\NOTEPAD. EXE %1 You must use the . At the Windows Command line: Reg. Edit /l location of System. R location of User. D Registry key to delete You cannot be in Windows at the time you use this switch. Or you can create a reg file as such: REGEDIT4 . Reg. Edit C: \Windows\(name of the regfile). If you want to make restrictions to what users can do or use on their computer without having to run Poledit, you can edit the Registry. You can add and delete Windows features in this Key shown below. Zero is Off and the value 1 is On. Example: to Save Windows settings add or modify the value name No. Save. Settings to 0, if set to. Windows will not save settings. And No. Delete. Printer set to 1 will prevent the user from deleting a printer. The same key shows up at: HKEY. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to HKEY. No. Delete. Printer - Disables Deletion of Printers No. Add. Printer - Disables Addition of Printers No. Run - Disables Run Command No. Set. Folders - Removes Folders from Settings on Start Menu No. Set. Taskbar - Removes Taskbar from Settings on Start Menu No. Find - Removes the Find Command No. Drives - Hides Drives in My Computers No. Net. Hood - Hides the Network Neighborhood No. Desktop - Hides all icons on the Desktop No. Close - Disables Shutdown No. Save. Settings - Don't save settings on exit Disable. Registry. Tools - Disable Registry Editing Tools No. Recent. Docs. Menu - Hides the Documents shortcut at the Start button No. Recent. Docs. History- Clears history of Documents No. File. Menu . I'm not telling you how, as someone may want to play a trick on you. The policies key has a great deal of control over how and what program can run and how one can access what feature. In the System key you can enter: No. Disp. CPL - Disable Display Control Panel No. Disp. Background. Page - Hide Background Page No. Disp. Scr. Sav. Page - Hide Screen Saver Page No. Disp. Appearance. Page - Hide Appearance Page No. Disp. Settings. Page - Hide Settings Page No. Sec. CPL - Disable Password Control Panel No. Pwd. Page - Hide Password Change Page No. Admin. Page - Hide Remote Administration Page No. Profile. Page - Hide User Profiles Page No. Dev. Mgr. Page - Hide Device Manager Page No. Config. Page - Hide Hardware Profiles Page No. File. Sys. Page - Hide File System Button No. Virt. Mem. Page - Hide Virtual Memory Button In the Network key you can enter: No. Net. Setup - Disable the Network Control Panel No. Net. Setup. IDPage - Hide Identification Page No. Net. Setup. Security. Page - Hide Access Control Page No. File. Sharing. Control - Disable File Sharing Controls No. Print. Sharing - Disable Print Sharing Controls In the Win. Old. App key you can enter: Disabled - Disable MS- DOS Prompt No. Real. Mode - Disables Single- Mode MS- DOS When you make changes to your file system and use Explorer, the changes are not usually displayed until you press the F5 key To refresh automatically: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Set the value name . Either use the same password or: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to the key. HKEY. Add a Dword value . They are the Max. MTU, Max. MSS and Default. Rcv. Window, and Default. TTL 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to HKEY. The usual change is to 5. Similarly, you can add IPMSS and give it a value of 5. Windows 9. X)You can set Default. Rcv. Window, and Default. TTL by adding these string values to HKEY. If you are using Direct Cable you should see a sight difference. To add items when you right- click on the Start Button: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to HKEY. 9. For example, if you want Word to be added, you would add that as the first key, the default in the right panel would be & Word so when you right click on the Start Button, the W would be the Hot Key on your keyboard. The value of the key would be C: \Program Files\Office\Winword\Winword. When you right click on the Start Button, you can select Open, Explore or Find. Open shows your Programs folder. Explore starts the Explorer and allows access to all drives. Find allows you to search and then run programs. In certain situations you might want to disable this feature. To remove them: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Go to HKEY. When you right- click on the desktop and select New, or use the File Menu item in the Explore and select New a list of default templates you can open up are listed. To remove items from that list: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Do a Search for the string Shell. New in the HKEY. Delete the Shell. New command key for the items you want to remove. You can view more data if you increase the line count of Telnet. By Default it has a window size of 2. To increase this so you can scroll back and look at a larger number on lines: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Modify the value data of . Change the Caption on the Title Bar for Out. Look Express or the Internet Explorer: For Outlook Express: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a string value . Modify the value to what ever you like. For no splash screen, add a dword value . Each user has his own Key number. The Key 5. 0 is whatever version of IE you have For Internet Explorer: 1. Open Reg. Edit 2. Add a string value . Modify the value to what ever you like. Normally, when you right button click on the Start button, it allows you to open your programs folder, the Explorer and run Find. In situations where you don't want to allow users to be able to do this in order to secure your computer. Long- range Wi- Fi - Wikipedia. Long- range Wi- Fi is used for low- cost, unregulated point- to- point computer network connections, as an alternative to other fixed wireless, cellular networks or satellite Internet access. Wi- Fi networks have a range that's limited by the transmission power, antenna type, the location they're used in, and the environment. Outdoor point- to- point arrangements, through use of directional antennas, can be extended with many kilometers between stations. Introduction. Long- range Wi- Fi especially in the 2. GHz band (as the shorter- range higher- bit- rate 5. GHz bands become popular alternatives to wired LAN connections) have proliferated with specialist devices. While Wi- Fi hotspots are ubiquitous in urban areas, some rural areas use more powerful longer- range transceivers as alternatives to cell (GSM, CDMA) or fixed wireless (Motorola Canopy and other 9. MHz) applications. The main drawbacks of 2. GHz vs. It has also been used in experimental trials in the developing world to link communities separated by difficult geography with few or no other connectivity options. Some benefits of using long- range Wi- Fi for these applications include: unlicensed spectrum – avoiding negotiations with incumbent telecom providers, governments or others; smaller, simpler, cheaper antennas – 2. GHz antennas have less than half the size of comparable- strength 9. MHz antennas and require less lightning protection; availability of proven free software like Open. Wrt, DD- WRT, Tomato that works even on old routers (WRT5. G, for instance) and makes modes like WDS, OLSR, etc., available to anyone, including revenue- sharing models for hotspots. Nonprofit organizations operating widespread installations, such as forest services, also make extensive use of long- range Wi- Fi to augment or replace older communications technologies such as shortwave or microwave transceivers in licensed bands. Applications. A multi- hop span with a total length of 3. The goal was to connect to outlying stations to UCLA in order to receive seismic data in real time. These links allow specialists at the hospital to communicate with nurses and patients at the clinics through video conferencing. If the patient needs further examination or care, a hospital appointment can then be scheduled. Another network in Ghana links the University of Ghana, Legon campus to its remote campuses at the Korle bu Medical School and the City campus; a further extension will feature links up to 8. The Tegola project of the University of Edinburgh is developing new technologies to bring high- speed, affordable broadband to rural areas beyond the reach of fibre. All links pass over tidal waters; they range in length from 2. Increasing range in other ways. But in long- range Wi- Fi, special technologies are used to get the most out of a Wi- Fi connection. The 8. 02. 1. 1- 2. MHz and 5 MHz OFDM modes to the 8. Some commonly available 8. OFDM 'half- clocking' and 'quarter- clocking' that is in the 2. GHz and 5. 0 GHz products are available with 1. MHz and 5 MHz channel bandwidths. It is likely that some 8. D. 2. 0 chipsets will also support 'half- clocking' for use in 1. MHz channel bandwidths, and at double the range of the 8. MIMO. This technology can use multiple antennas to target one or more sources to increase speed. This is known as MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output. In tests, the speed increase was said to only occur over short distances rather than the long range needed for most point- to- point setups. On the other hand, using dual antennas with orthogonal polarities along with a 2x. MIMO chipset effectively enable two independent carrier signals to be sent and received along the same long distance path. Power increase or receiver sensitivity boosting. Commonly known as . Such amplifiers may give more than five times the range to an existing network. Every 3 d. B gain doubles the effective output power. An antenna receiving 1 watt of power, and 6 d. B gain would have an effective power of 4 watts. The alternative techniques of selecting a more sensitive WLAN adapter and more directive antenna should also be considered. Higher gain antennas and adapter placement. High gain antenna may be of many designs, but all allow transmitting a narrow signal beam over greater distance than a non- directional antenna, often nulling out nearby interference sources. A popular low- cost home made approach increases Wi. Fi ranges by just placing standard USB WLAN hardware at the focal point of modified parabolic cookware. Although often low power, cheap USB WLAN adapters suit site auditing and location of local signal . As USB leads incur none of the losses normally associated with costly microwave coax and SMA fittings, just extending a USB adapter (or AP, etc.) up to a window, or away from shielding metal work and vegetation, may dramatically improve the link. Protocol hacking. These approaches are used by the TIER project. If the acknowledgement is not received, the frame is re- transmitted. By default, the maximum distance between transmitter and receiver is 1. On longer distances the delay will force retransmissions. On standard firmware for some professional equipment such as the Cisco Aironet 1. Open. Wrt, DD- WRT and all derivatives of it also enable such tweaking. In general, open source software is vastly superior to commercial firmware for all purposes involving protocol hacking, as the philosophy is to expose all radio chipset capabilities and let the user modify them. This strategy has been especially effective with low end routers such as the WRT5. G which had excellent hardware features the commercial firmware did not support. As of 2. 01. 1, many vendors still supported only a subset of chipset features that open source firmware unlocked, and most vendors actively encourage the use of open source firmware for protocol hacking, in part to avoid the difficulty of trying to support commercial firmware users attempting this. Packet fragmentation can also be used to improve throughput in noisy/congested conditions. Although packet fragmentation is often thought of as something bad, and does indeed add a large overhead, reducing throughput, it is sometimes necessary. For example, in a congested situation, ping times of 3. The channel matters – a lot! Click to read about best WiFi channels. For long-distance links to pass through trees. Long-range Wi-Fi is used for low-cost. A list of Long-Distance WiFi links from. If the page is not updated in 2 seconds, please follow this link: continue >>. Dividing the packet in half, by setting the fragmentation threshold to 7. The fragmentation threshold should be a division of the MTU, typically 1. However, excessive fragmentation can make the problem worse, since the increased overhead will increase congestion. Obstacles to long- range Wi- Fi. Trees and forests attenuate the microwave signal, and hills make it difficult to establish line- of- sight propagation. In a city, buildings will impact integrity, speed and connectivity. Steel frames and Sheet metal in walls or roofs may partially or fully reflect radio signals, causing signal loss or multipath problems. Concrete or plaster walls absorb microwave signals significantly, reducing the total signal. Tidal fading. There are many other sources of interference that aggregate into a formidable obstacle to enabling long- range use in occupied areas. How to choose the best WiFi channel. What are WiFi channels? How to choose a WiFi channel? Configuring your WiFi router; What are WiFi channels? Antennas Direct provides this tutorial for choosing the best TV antenna for. Long Range Multi. Residential wireless phones, baby monitors, wireless cameras, remote car starters, and Bluetooth products are all capable of transmitting in the 2. GHz band. Due to the intended nature of the 2. GHz band, there are many users of this band, with potentially dozens of devices per household. By its very nature, . The aim of a long- range system is to produce a system which over- powers these signals and/or uses directional antennas to prevent the receiver . Bi estimated. New world record for long- range wireless broadbandlink first established on 2. Monte Amiata (Tuscany) to Monte Limbara (Sardinia)frequency: 5. MHz. IEEE 8. 02. 1. Wi- Fi), bandwidth 5. MHzdata rates: of up to 3. Mbit/s. Radio: Ubiquiti Networks AF- 5. X radios. Wireless routers: Ubiquiti air. Fiber. 3. 5 d. Bi estimated. Read more: http: //ir. Read more: http: //www. High. Capacity. Long. Venezuela. On both ends the feeds were 1. Bi Yagis. Linksys WRT5. G series routers fed the antennas with short LMR4. Bi. The Swedish space agency attained 3. This network has been implemented by the Rural Telecommunications Research Group of the Pontificia Universidad Cat. The Wi- Fi chain goes through many small villages and takes seventeen hops to cover the whole distance. It begins in Cabo Pantoja's Health Post and finishes at downtown Iquitos. Its length is about 4. It is a flat zone and for this reason GTR PUCP installed towers with an average height of 8. The link was established in 2. GTR PUCP, the regional government of Loreto, and Vicariate San Jos. Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide (Third ed.). Mc. Graw- Hill. ISBN 9. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Ad- Hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks: 9th International Conference, ADHOC- NOW 2. Edmonton, AB, Canada, August 2. Proceedings. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 9. 78- 3- 6. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Maximizing performance in long distance wireless networks for developing regions. ISBN 9. 78. 11. 09. University of California Berkeley. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Marina; Jhair Tocancipa Triana (March 2. University of Edinburgh School of Informatics. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Incisive Media. Retrieved 2. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Bibliography. External links. How to choose the best Wi. Fi channel. How to choose the best Wi. Fi channel. What are Wi. Fi channels? For a Wi. Fi network in infrastructure mode, the channel be defined by the access point. However, most people use the default channel. Multiple networks sharing the same frequencies, in the same area, can lead to several problems. Slow connection. You can use the following softwares to list the Wi. Fi networks and the channels being used. Configuring your Wi. Fi router. Using a web- browser, connect to the router's web interface, using the right URL (check in the user manual). Endpoint Encryption - Is Bit. Locker Enough? Introduction. In Europe the amount of data loss is astounding; many organizations worldwide are facing the question of endpoint encryption and what product to use to secure their data. With the limited adoption of Vista, Bit. Locker has become an option for some. Questions like, what are the pit falls and can we rely on what already exists. First you need to check if the following items are there in your laptop/server. TPM Chip; Windows 7 Enterprise or Higher (Ultimate with or without N). Is Bit. Locker enough? This article will focus on the strengths and weaknesses of Bit. Locker and how seriously organizations need to take encryption. It is simple enough to take a hard disk out of a computer and slave it into another computer to get access to the files. To put the hard drive in a usb/firewire cradle and browse the contents, or boot up with repair tools or alternate operating systems using bootable media in order to recover data. These and many more techniques are known by attackers and data thieves. Mitigation techniques like full disk encryption is necessary to provide the confidentially that has now become a necessity. In our lab we tested 3. The criteria for this evaluation was based on security best practices. With the release of Windows 7 and with it, Bit. Locker and Bit. Locker to go, many questions need to be answered. Facts about Bit. Locker. The default encryption cipher is AES1. CBC mode – AES is stronger in 2. Bit. Locker can now encrypt entire volumes. Three implementation of Bit. Locker two require TPM chip . The key to unlock the disk encryption is stored encrypted in the TPM chip and is released to the OS loader code if the primary boot files appear to be untouched. More info about Transparent operation mode: Bit. Locker does this by implementing a Static Root of Trust, because the key is sent to the OS, it’s placed in memory and thus vulnerable to a cold boot attack, this is when the RAM is frozen with compressed air then unplugged from the Bit. The BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool configures the hard disk drives in your computer properly to support enabling BitLocker. How to configure BitLocker and how to get BitLocker to rock in Windows Vista using best-practice methods. The strengths and weaknesses of BitLocker and how seriously organizations need to take encryption. Read about BitLocker in Windows, BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool, recover encrypted data from a corrupted disk volume with BitLocker Repair Tool, etc. Locker machine and put into another computer and a RAM debug program is run to dump the RAM contents. The contents are then checked for the key and the key is dumped to a file. This key can then be used to decrypt the hard drive. Source code is available on the internet (although this mode is convenient to the user it is vulnerable to a known vulnerability). User authentication mode: The user must provide credentials to the basic pre- boot environment in order to boot the Windows OS. The user needs to supply a PIN or a credential stored on a USB key. Without the TPM chip requirement: USB thumb drive Mode: A USB device containing the startup key is introduced to the computer to enable it to boot. The BIOS must support reading from the USB drive at pre- boot. The fact that Bit. Locker uses the windows platform as part of its authentication mechanism makes it insecure as many known vulnerabilities are discovered periodically that require patching and change of infrastructure.
Recently vulnerability was discovered in Windows Vista and in Windows 7 that allows for an attacker to connect a computer to a network and infect it with the target machine with a worm that will escalate privilege and allow remote access to the machine. Using transparent operation mode this will render Bit. Locker useless to an attacker with this knowledge. This does mean that the machine has not been patched against this threat but a good argument for vendors that want to sell more robust technologies. Based on the above the first pass conclusion: it seems like Bit. Locker is the perfect Encryption companion for the Windows operating system. It’s “free” with some versions of Windows, seamless and integrated, but because of the weakness in windows and the overall exposure potential, it is not the best option when taking drive encryption seriously. In time we are sure that Microsoft will improve this technology. Things to consider when Bit. Locker is installed. Changing the motherboard: remember if using Bit. Locker in mode 1, the key is stored in the TPM. Make sure you have made a backup. Test this before disposing of the old mother board. Updating the BIOS: this may affect how TPM is functioning. Partition: dual booting and boot sequence changes. Locking out the TPM chip by too many incorrect key attempts in mode 2. Damaged USB thumb drive that contains the key. I do not recommend that you make too many copies of the key, but ensure you have a copy and keep it safe (for serious security environments this is a weak security practice). In place upgrades are challenging so make a backup before doing the upgrade. Updating the Master Boot Record can be problematic so make a backup before modifying the MBR. On the fly partition changes cause a challenge so make backup of the data. Disk imaging is a challenge. A hidden Bit. Locker partition is created for work factor and booting when Bit. Locker full disk encryption is enabled this is 1. GB in size. According to Microsoft’s website only the Ultimate and Enterprise version of Windows Vista and Windows 7 has Bit. Locker. Security considerations. Because Bit. Locker leverages Windows and the windows authentication system, in the modes without pre- boot authentication, my team did not feel comfortable that Bit. Locker is a secure solution for environments that need to protect confidential documents. There are websites with attack source code that have been tested in our lab that proves the vulnerability. This is outside the scope of this article. Additionally the fact that the keys are so loosely managed and that they are static and can be printed and effectively copied around on all sorts of unsecure media does not inspire confidence in the security thought process. Two factor token based access control is highly recommended. Soon API will be available to vendors to develop into this space I am sure. The fact that administrators have such control over the Bit. Locker solution also makes me wonder about segregation of duties. Moreover Bit. Locker does not support heterogeneous environments like Linux and Macintosh and these are becoming more prolific. We have customers with 4. Macs and this solution would just not work for them. On a positive note, innovations like Bit. Locker to go make it a compelling solution for encryption of removable media. This solution does not require full disk encryption or the usage of a TPM chip. Conclusion. Bit. Locker is a limited product that is in its evolutionary phase. For some organizations it’s enough to deter the opportunist. For organizations that take security more seriously this technology still needs to mature substantially before being able to be used with confidence. Microsoft is working hard to make this a reality and expect major upgrades and changes to this product in the next 2. Bit. Locker is not free, you pay for it in the Enterprise/Ultimate license, and this was decided during the marketing phase of the product. As with everything integrated into an operating system most of the functionally is basic and if you want more advanced functionality with additional feature sets and extended support use a third party solution. Early death of Cisco VPN Client forces VPN license fees. Cisco has ceased development on the IPSec VPN client, and shifted to pushing the SSL VPN client for remote VPN access for both IOS and ASA platforms. But that costs up to USD$1. VPN client. Is that good for customers ? Or are we being shafted to increase revenue ? The Cisco VPN Client that uses IPSec as a dynamic remote access method to IOS, ASA, PIX and C6. VPN modules is basically dead. From the Cisco Web site: “The Cisco VPN client supports Windows 2. XP and Vista (x. 86/3. Linux (Intel); Mac OS X 1. Solaris Ultra. Sparc (3. For x. 64 (6. 4- bit) Windows support, you must utilize Cisco’s next- generation Cisco Any. Nessus Plugins Windows. Adobe Flash Player = 25.0.0.171 Multiple Vulnerabilities (APSB17-17)IBM Spectrum Protect / Tivoli Storage Manager Installed. Cisco VPN solutions help organizations provide highly secure remote access and increase flexibility and cost savings. Password Manager Pro Release 8.7 (8701) (16 th February 2017) Enhancements & Fixes. In v8700, under custom roles feature, when a group of users were moved in bulk. Connect VPN Client.” – Link Here. And from the Product Q& A’s“Cisco VPN Client Version 5 is available for 3. Windows Vista. There are no current plans to provide 6. Cisco VPN Client but 6. Cisco Any. Connect VPN Client.”There doesn’t seem to be any End of Life or End of Support notices, so the current version must still be getting support, but there is no future for it. You can choose any technology, so long as it is SSL VPNA quick look at Cisco Any. About Pulse Secure. Pulse Secure is a new company born from the sale of Juniper Networks Junos Pulse product line to Siris Capital, a leading private equity firm. TheGreenBow VPN Client est disponible sur Windows 10 32/64-bit. Le logiciel peut aussi être déployé sur toute plateforme Windows, depuis Windows Vista jusqu'à. Connect will confirm that this is an SSL VPN technology only. So this leads me to a few conclusions: Cisco isn’t planning on continuing the Cisco VPN Client. Cisco doesn’t like IPSec as a dynamic secure remote access method. You must choose SSL VPN for remote access, because Cisco says so. I need to start planning to replace the Cisco VPN client in the next year or two. On several thousand desktops. Which is going to be greatand replace it with a technology that isn’t nearly so lovely, simple and well understood. This looks like it’s saving Cisco money – they don’t have to develop and maintain two clients. But is going to cost us a shedload of cash. Which would be fine, I suppose, if I could find a good reason why changing from IPsec to SSL would be a goodthing(gm). What’s good about SSL VPN then ? I was reading through some notes from Networkers and made the following list: SSL VPN’s have three modes – clientless, thin client and full client. Clientless VPN’s allow you to create a portal, which you can customise. But the replacement requires a license for every user past two. And you will be forced to upgrade since the VPN Client doesn’t work on modern systems ((not straightaway, one day Microsoft will get a version of the Windows to replace Windows XP)). Yeah, I’ve got the same feeling as you. I am going to pay for SSL VPN technology that Cisco is forcing you to move towards. They have chosen to do that. Now that is customer focussed. Here are the USD list prices for the SSL licenses: IOS SSL VPN Licences. FL- WEBVPN- 1. 0- K9. Feature License IOS SSL VPN Up To 1. Users (Incremental)$3. FL- WEBVPN- 2. 5- K9. Feature License IOS SSL VPN Up To 2. Users (Incremental)$7. FL- WEBVPN- 1. 00- K9. Feature License IOS SSL VPN Up To 1. Users (Incremental)$3,0. ASA SSL VPN Licences. ASA5. 50. 0- SSL- 1. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 1. Premium User License$1,2. ASA5. 50. 0- SSL- 2. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 2. Premium User License$3,0. ASA5. 50. 0- SSL- 5. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 5. Installation and Deployment Guide 3 For supported browsers, TRITON AP-ENDPOINT Web manipulates proxy settings in real time. For example, if TRITON AP-ENDPOINT Web. Juniper SSG Wireshark is a network packet analyzer. A network packet analyzer will try to capture network packets and tries to display that packet data as detailed as possible. 2 D6200 WiFi DSL Modem Router. Thank you for selecting NETGEAR products. After installing your device, locate the serial number on the label of your product. Premium User License$3,9. ASA5. 50. 0- SSL- 1. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 1. Premium User License$7,9. ASA5. 50. 0- SSL- 2. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 2. Premium User License$1. ASA5. 50. 0- SSL- 5. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 5. Premium User License$2. ASA- SSL- 1. 0- 2. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 1. Premium User Upgrade License$1,8. ASA- SSL- 2. 5- 5. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 2. Premium User Upgrade License$1,9. ASA- SSL- 5. 0- 1. ASA 5. 50. 0 SSL VPN 5. Premium User Upgrade License$3,9. Rule of Thumb. So an IOS SSL VPN connection is going to cost about USD$3. An ASA SSL VPN is going to cost USD$1. OUCH! Remember that a lot of companies use VPNs as a DR feature and that is the peak load condition when say, 4. This means that SSL VPN licenses are not good value for money since they are only used in exceptional circumstances. Where’s the WIN then. To be frank, I’m not sure. For most people, choosing IPSec is the default choice. Its simple, well known, easy to do and doesn’t cost anything. SSL VPN is a bewildering array for policies for inheritance and self configuration. It has all the features of the IPSec client for AAA and maintenace, plus some fancy clientless modes. But it costs quite a bit. Lack of Competition. The IPSec VPN client was made free when all the firewall vendors had VPN capability. But the current lack of competition in SSL VPNs means that prices aren’t likely to reduce. For example, F5 and Juniper needs volume licensing on their SSL VPN products to make any money at all. Check. Point always charges for for everything until they lose market share. So there isn’t much motivation for Cisco to remove volume licensing on SSL. And by discontinuing the IPSec VPN Client you are being forced to pay the license fee. So Help Me out? Is there some justification that SSL has inherent magical powers or is this a cynical revenue grab ? Sound off in the comments. I’d love to find out. Restaurar Una Computadora Que No Inicia o Arranca. Aprende a reparar arranque Windows 7. Recuperar instalacion en portátiles ASUS. Bueno, este mensaje es más una anotación que otra cosa. Normalmente trabajo e intento vender portátiles ASUS, más que. Microsoft Code of Authencity – Windows XP OEM, Windows Vista OEM and Windows 7 OEM. For systems shipped with Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 a Code of. No se carga el sistema operativo? Tu computadora se reinicia continuamente? Al encender tu computadora se te muestra una pantalla azul o negra? Esos son s. Es posible restaurar tu computadora regres. Esta herramienta nos permite b. Los puntos de restauraci. Para ajustar el BIOS oprime AQU. Probablemente tu computadora podr? Deja tu comentario en la parte de abajo. Here’s how you can reveal the Snipping Tool in Windows, if it’s not yet enabled in your system: Click on the Start button, and go to Control Panel. Cómo restaurar el sistema en Windows 7 Guías y Trucos. La restauración de un sistema operativo es una operación delicada a la que recurrimos si tenemos un.
Soluciones para tus problemas de IT. Ya está a la vuelta de la esquina la fecha en la que estará disponible al público general la nueva versión de sistema. Restaurar el equipo a un punto anterior en Windows 7. En algunas ocasiones, se debe iniciar el ordenador en modo seguro, para resolver algún problema puntual, o para. Windows XP Mode for Windows 7 facilita la ejecución en Windows 7 de muchos de sus programas de productividad que se ejecutan en Windows XP. Esta aplicación usa. Installing Windows XP from a USB drive(pen Drive) has been an issue with less number of ideal solutions available. Here we have given a solution which is easy. Technology keeps you connected everywhere you go, helps you capture every moment & makes your life a bit easier; stay up-to-date with tips & tricks from eHow. The Restore Solutions FAQ, Frequently Asked Questions. How to protect yourself from the huge Malware attack of May 2017. Tech - How To Information. Install Windows XP from USB Disk Drive. Installing Windows XP from a USB drive(pen Drive) has been an issue with less number of ideal solutions available. Here we have given a solution which is easy to follow and which works. The reason why should anybody want to install Windows from a USB drive is that using a bootable CD is always been a problem. Sometimes our CD ROM may not work. Some mini laptops like Asus Eee PC may not have CD ROMs where installation is possible only through USB or an external Drive. One of the main reason why we were interested in this topic is that in the current trend Using a CD is considered primitive. A USB drive is much more easy and more portable. Hence why should anybody not want to carry their Installation files in a bootable USB drive and why would anybody rely on a CD which is easily damageable by rough handling. The method given here is tested successfully for Windows XP 3. SP2 and SP3. It may work with other versions of Windows like Vista and Windows 7 but we have not tested it yet. A USB Drive of minimum 2. GB2. Windows XP installation CD (Back Up will also do)The method consists of two parts and one file download (around 4. KB). We will have touse tools like Pe. To. USB to format your pen drive and copy the Windows XP installation files to the USB Disk using usb. Then we will boot up from the USB Drive and prepare for installation. After the process is completed your XP install is ready for the process. Now we will start the process: Step 1: Download the File from the link given below: Size: 4. KBName: usb. It will give you two folders named bootsect and usb. Plug in your USB drive to your computer and put the Windows XP CD also. Step 3: Go to the usb- prep. Press any key to continue. 1a) Here is very useful article from PCWorld.com. The article is entitled " How to Install Windows 7 Without the Disc " and means just - 2598509. Canon PIXMA MG6120 driver downloads link & installation instruction for windows xp, windows vista, windows 7 and windows 8. 32-64bit / Mac. Summary of all Single and Multifunction Printers currently available for purchase. Includes links to compare products, obtain more information about a specific model. How do I install HP Officejet Pro 8600 without using the CD -- new laptop does not have CD driver. Step 4: Now it will open Pe. To. USB. Format your USB drive using it. Select the options as in the image below. Note that after formatting do not close the Pe. To. USB or the cmd console. Step 5: Now open a new cmd console manually (press Start+L, type cmd and enter). And type the following command in the commands prompt. Note that you should type your own USB drive letter instead of . No. Command: Action: 1cd\Enter. Enter. 3bootsect. Enter. I had copied the folder in D drive. So the image will be somewhat different with the actual display of your console. Don’t worry copy the folder in your C drive only. Now close this cmd console but not the other one. Step 6. Close Pe. To. USB. Now the usb. Select 1 to set the source location. Select the CD ROM containing the XP CD. Step 7: If you have a drive called T in your computer then check option 2 to change it to any letter which is not present. Otherwise no need to change. Select 3 to set the destination drive. Enter your USB Drive letter as shown below: Step 8: Now select choice 4 as we don’t have any Tempimage previously. It may ask you to delete the existing tempimage. Enter y and it will format your temp drive. Press any key to continue. Now it will start copying the XP files to the tempdrive. Step 1. 0: After the completion of the file copy process Press any key to continue. Now it will ask you to copy the files to your USB drive or not. Select Yes. Step 1. During the copy process it will ask whether to change migrate. Is you are using a USB stick then Select Yes. If you are using a USB hard drive then Select No. Step 1. 2: After the successful completion of copying the files to your USB drive it will ask whether to unmount the Virtual temp drive or not. As you do not need it Select Yes. Step 1. 3: After the successful completion of the process close the cmd console. Now your pen drive is ready for the installation process. Step 1. 4: Plug in the USB drive to the computer you want to install XP. While start up make sure that you set the first boot choice as your USB drive. To do this you have to enter to the bios and change the boot order to USB Disk as the first choice. For entering to BIOS press the BIOS setup key while start up. This key is usually seen in the screen in the boot screen. For most of the systems it is DEL key. For HP and Compaq it is F1. Go to the boot configuration tab and change the boot order. Step 1. 5: While booting up from the USB it will ask you to choose between GUI and TXT mode of setup. Select TXT mode for now. Step 1. 6: Follow the onscreen instructions. It is same as the usual setup process. In the partition selection screen do not select you USB drive for install. And if you are installing in a new RAW hard disk then your USB Drive will be the C drive. Now first create a new partition and format your HDD using the setup. And again restart the process from step 1. Quitting the current Install(Press F3). Then you should get your HDD partition as C drive. Continue your installation. Step 1. 7: Now it will copy a set of files to the hard disk. It usually takes lesser time than a CD ROM installation. After the process it will ask for reboot. Press Enter to reboot immediately. Step 1. 8: Now while start up select the GUI mode of setup to continue setup. Now you can continue your usual setup process. Follow the onscreen instructions carefully. After the setup process which usually takes 3. Now boot from your Hard drive not the USB drive. Again use BIOS settings to make this happen. Congratulations you have successfully installed Windows XP via a USB Drive. Important: 1. You can copy the contents of your pen drive if you want for future use. To use in future just format your USB drive with FAT, run the commands given in Step 5 and simply copy paste the files you had saved earlier. No need to run the whole process again. While unmounting the Virtual Temp Drive T, it may fail and ask you to try again. And when it asks you to Force unmount select yes. This Method is for informational purpose only and should not be used for Software Piracy and illegal practices. We are not responsible for any loss or damage resulting from this information. This method will not work if your motherboard or your BIOS does not support USB booting. This method is an implementation of the guide given in http: //www. And Pe. To. USB is a property of http: //gocoding. 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